MoMusings

Random ramblings and musings about all things malware and related net-nasties...

Tuesday, 21 October 2008

Financial In-Fidelity, Yours For 72.5 Million US Dollars!

Here's an offer I received via e-mail that seems to be the answer to most peoples prayers; a large pile of money just for helping out someone move some money. Of course in reality it isn't as simple as that, but I'm getting ahead of myself.

Here's a screenshot of the e-mail in full:



It says it was sent by Tim McCarron of Fidelity Investments here in the UK. He is a fund manager for them. It seems that Tim, allegedly, has acquired over 145 Million US Dollars from his employers without their knowledge. Moreover he wants my help to move the funds, and for my trouble he will give me 50 percent; very generous. That is over 72.5 Million US Dollars.....tempting, isn't it? ;-)

All he wants from me are some personal details, some proof of identity, such as a copy of my drivers licence or passport, and a bank account number to use for the transaction.

To prove that he really exists, Tim has even included a link to some details about himself and his performance which is available on the Fidelity Investments website.  How thoughtful!

Here's a screenshot of the webpage in the first link:



See, there's Tim's name and various other detals about him and the funds he manages. Yes, this is the real Fidelity Investments website.

Let's look in to this in more detail.

OK, the email reply address seems odd, it is timmacarron@superposta.com (seems Tim can't even spell his surname correctly) but the From: address header in the email tells me his email address is tmcarron@ymail.com......hmmm, I'm confused. I know he is trying to cover his tracks, but why use two free webmail addresses?

So, what does this tell me?

Well for one this email is not from the real Tim McCarron, or from anyone at Fidelity Investments. Furthermore, there is NO MONEY; sorry to disappoint you.

If it was real, then the person responsible would have committed fraud; as they have stolen money from their employers and potentially customers too. Furthermore, if you took part in this, if it was real, you would also be committing fraud as well as money laundering....lucky there is no money then, eh? ;-)

Yes, this is yet another 419 scam [aka the Nigerian scam, also known as Advance-Fee-Fraud]. If you were foolish enough to reply to the email you would be assured that the money was real, but somehwere along the way you would be asked to part with money to pay for things such as, handling fees, taxes, shipping fees, and maybe even bribes! So, instead
of getting the alleged money you were promised, you would end up losing money, or worse. You would also end up on a so-called "suckers list" and get more 419s, not only via e-mail, but also through your letterbox.

So next time you receive such a tempting offer, remember the old adage "if something seems too good to be true, it probably is....too good to be true". Also, think very carefully before
you click on any links or contact anyone mentioned in these email, at the very least you could end up on a phishing site, you could lose some of your money, or worse, as there have been cases of beatings and even murders linked to these scams.

Oh, and just in case you were wondering, the links in the email were included by the scammer to try and give extra credence to their outlandish financial proposal.

If you want to read more on the subject of 419s then I have written several articles which were published in the Virus Bulletin magazine, reprints of these can be found here, [http://momusings.com/papers] along with all my other published articles and papers.

Oh yes, and the personal details you supply them will almost certainly be used for identity theft and/or in another 419 scam, using your personal details and proofs to attempt to make it more believable.

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Amazon Marketplace Listing Canceled...

How many of you out there use Amazon's Marketplace to sell items?

Well, if you do then this posting should be of some interest and I'd also be interested in how many of you have received similar emails to the one shown in the screenshot below:



Looks like a typical notification from Amazon that your item listed on Amazon Marketplace has been canceled; for those that use this Amazon service this usually happens when your item listing has expired, and is quite normal.

So, let me see where I end up when I click on the link contained in the e-mail; screenshot below:

 

Is this Amazon.co.uk? Looks genuine doesn't it? would you sign-in via this page, or not?

For the moment, let us assume [quite rightly] that I'm suspicious of this page, let me have a look at the source HTML for the page above; I'm especially interested in the FORM section (the bit that deals with the login credentials; your e-mail address and Amazon.co.uk password). Here's a screenshot of the related part of the HTML source for that function:




Hmmm.....notice anything odd?

Surely the real Amazon.co.uk doesn't use a generic mailto CGI script [in this case a PERL script] to handle login routines, does it?

No, of course it doesn't, the code in the screenshot above sends your now stolen Amazon.co.uk login details to the bad guys and girls via e-mail using the mailto.pl script hosted on http://www-cgi.paonline. It then goes onto send you to the real Amazon.co.uk page, sneaky huh?

So, this is another phishing scam, in this case they want to steal you Amazon login credentials, so that they can steal any personal details, including and stored credit-card data, or maybe they just want to buy things using your account, and have them sent to a drop-box to then be turned into cash. Such as ordering themselves a new MP3 player, phone, some CD's or DVD's or whatever, leaving you to pick up the bill and deal with the resulting mess.

Of course this type of attack is not just limited to Amazon, it would in theory work with any e-commerce site, so be careful out there especially where you have sites that store you credit-card details, as in most cases this is what the bad-guys and girls are after. If they can't get that then they will just buy things from the site using your stored card data instead.

yet again, as with other recent examples I've blogged about it shows that phishers are not just interested in getting you bank details, they are just as happy to get e-commerce site credentials, game login credentials (such as WoW) or webmail account details (how many of you store e-mails which contain personal or financial  details?), amongst many others. Furthermore, do you you the same password for more than a single site? If you do then you are making it easier for the bad guys and girls to compromise your other accounts wherever they may be.

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Monday, 20 October 2008

Walmart Survey Worth $150 US Dollars...

I received an e-mail yesterday asking me to take part in a survey that Walmart were apparently carrying out to gauge customer satisfaction. A screenshot of the e-mail I received appears below:



So, even though I am not and never have been a Walmart customer, let me see where we go if I click on the link provided, as if I were a Walmart customer. This is where I ended up:



Looks like a very typical web based survey, so what happens when I fill in the details and then click on the proceed button at the foot of the survey page? This is where I ended up next:



OK, so they want some more personal details now, they already have my phone number and e-mail address. Now they want my credit card number, expiry date for it and.......my CVV and ATM pin.....hmmmmm; can anyone smell something 'phishy' yet? ;-)

Yes, this is a phishing scam, squarely targetted at Walmart customers that will be fooled into believing that they will recive 150 US Dollars for filling out the survey and supplying their credit card details. In a few days they will get a surprise, but not the pleasent one they were expecting. Instead of having money credited to their account, they will have lost money through bogus purchases. It may even be worse, their account could be cleared out via ATM withdrawals, or even overdrawn, leaving them with a large bill to pay [unless their bank covers phishing scams and related things] . In the worst case scenario the personal details they gave could be used for identity theft so that loans or mortgages could be set up using the stolen details, leaving the victim with the bills and the resulting damage to their credit rating.

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Friday, 17 October 2008

Yahoo Calendar Invites Trouble...

Well, I received a rather interesting invite sent to me via the Yahoo! Calendar service. Have a look at it [screenshot below], what do you think?

 

Hands up all those that are tempted to respond to this?

OK

Now, hands up all those that are NOT tempted to respond to this?

Hmmm....

So, before I cover this in more detail, let me see what happens when I click on the RSVP to this invitation text, which is a hyperlink. This is where we end up [screenshot below]



This is the real Yahoo! Calendar website, so it isn't a phishing scam, is it? Is it real, does someone really want to give me a cheque for 1.5 Million US Dollars, or is it some other form of scam?

OK, time to tell you what is going on here, and what the e-mail is all about, and why the sender used Yahoo! Calendar to send it.

The email really was sent via the Yahoo! Calendar service, and clicking on the link contained in the e-mail really does take you to the genuine Yahoo! Calendar site and a real Yahoo! Calendar invite. But why?

The answer to the why, is that this enabled the e-mail sender to have a better chance of getting the email, seen in the first screenshot, to the intended recipients, yes I said recipients, not recipient. Did you notice that in the web site screenshot the 90 undecided text? Yes, this invite was sent to 90 intended recipients, not just me. Does this mean that this was sent by someone with over 135 Million US Dollars to give away?

Of course not, this is just a new twist on the old 419 scam [aka the Nigerian scam, also known as Advance-Fee-Fraud]. The sender just used the Yahoo! Calendar service to try and increase the chances of his invite [the scam text in the invite] getting past any anti-spam defences that the intended recipients might have in place.

There is no money [sorry!], there never was, if you were foolish enough to contact Mr Luke Yayi, you would be assured that the money was real, but somewhere along the way you would be asked to part with money to pay for things such as, handling fees, taxes, shipping fees, and maybe even bribes! So, instead of getting the alleged money you were promised, you would end up losing money, or worse. You would also end up on a so-called "suckers list" and get more 419s, not only via e-mail, but also through your letterbox.

So next time you receive such an invite, not only ones from a calendar service; it could be from any online service, such as: news groups, blogs, social-networking sites, feedback forms, mailing lists and so on. Think very carefully before you click on any links or contact anyone mentioned in the invites/e-mail body, at the very least you could end up on a phishing site, at worst you could lose money, or worse, as there have been cases of beatings and even murders linked to these scams.

If you want to read more on the subject of 419s then I have written several articles which were published in the Virus Bulletin magazine, reprints of these can be found here, [http://momusings.com/papers] along with all my other published articles and papers.

Right, I need to put together another presentation for yet another conference, this time I'm covering penetration testing and ethical hacking.

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Thursday, 16 October 2008

Virus Bulletin 2008 Conference Review

As previously mentioned on this blog, I was going to attend the Virus Bulletin 2008 conference as just a delegate, for the very first time; I usually attend as a speaker. The conference was held at the Westin Ottawa, in Ottawa, Canada [surprisingly ;-)] between the 1st and 3rd of October.

However, I ended up being a speaker again, which I don't mind, but I was actually looking forward to having a more relaxed conference than I usually do, but that's life!



This posting is a quick review of the conference:

Day 1 - Wednesday 1st October 2008

The first day of the conference started at 10:30 with Helen Martin’s opening address, this was followed at 11:00 by the Keynote address "The AV industry: Quo Vadis?" presented by Alex Eckelberry of Sunbelt Software. This was a very interesting speech and contained lots of useful information, as well as a general overview of what the bad guys [and girls] are up to, as well as what the good guys [and girls] are up to.

You can find a recording of it here, along with the slides: http://sunbeltblog.blogspot.com/2008/10/virus-bulletin-2008-keynote-address.html

The final session on the Technical Stream before lunch was also interesting, a presentation by Morton Swimmer [who used to work for IBM] entitled:

  • Towards integrated malware defence

It was a good presentation, however as Morton had moved to TREND just before the conference he no longer had access to all his data, which was a shame, as it seems to have been rather an effective solution.

Then it was time for lunch.

After lunch, the conference continued in its normal two stream mode; Corporate stream and Technical steam. Normally I spend most of the conference in the technical stream, and on this first day that was pretty much the case. I spent the whole afternoon in the Technical Stream.

The first two presentation after lunch were:

  • Your computer is now stoned (...again!). The rise of MBR rootkit - Kimmo Kasslin, F-Secure
  • When the hammer falls - effects of successful widespread disinfection on malware development and direction - Matt McCormack, Microsoft
The presentation given by Kimmo was esepcially interesting as it covered the rebirth of MBR infectors; something that had almost died out when Windows NT, 2000 and XP came along [yes there have been some MBR infectors for those, but not many, and not with stealth capability].

Then we had a short break for Tea and coffee before the attending the final pair of presentations on the technical stream. These were:

  • Applying user-mode memory scanning on Windows NT - Eric Uday Kumar, Authentium
  • Packer visualisation: a fast entropy scanning algorithm that preserves local detail - Li Sun, RMIT University

I decided to sit in on the vendor presentation after the days main proceedings, this was given by my good friend David Harley, from Eset.

Later we had the "Welcome drinks reception" which is a nice ice-breaker, especially for those that have not been to a VB Conference before as it is very informal and relaxed.

This was staged with a couple of Ice Hockey players; for those that wanted pictures, as well as a bit of fun from Ken Bechtel, who's hat did the rounds and photos were taken of those that ended up wearing it, including me. If you've ever met Ken, you'll know which hat I mean as he is rarely seen without it.

Day 2 - Thursday 2nd October 2008

Day two started early for me as I was informed when I arrived that I might be needed to present [I was the emergency reserve speaker; "in case of a missing speaker, break glass and grab Martin ;-)"], as one of the speakers for the morning session on the Technical Stream was unaccounted for; he never did turn up.

So, I had to go back to my hotel [I wasn't staying at the Westin], get changed, grab my laptop and get back to the conference by the morning tea break to check that my laptop worked fine with the projector, it did.

This meant that I effectively missed the first two presentations I had planned to attend, oh well.

To complicate matters, I was also supposed to be chairing the three sessions on the Corporate Stream between the morning tea break and lunch; which I couldn't now do, as I was presenting in the other stream at the same time. Luckily, my old friend from Nortel, John Morris, stepped into the void as the new session chair.

So after the morning tea-break I was back in the Technical Stream for the next three presentations, these were:

  • The robustness of new email identification standards - Reza Rajabiun, COMDOM Software and York University
  • Coordinated distributions method for tracking botnets sending out spam - Andrey Bakhmutov, Kaspersky Lab
  • Malware forenscis: detecting the unknown - Martin Overton, IBM ISS
The presentation given by Andrey was extremely good, some excellent research which was well presented and explained. This led to a flurry of questions.

It seemed rather surreal when I gave my presentation, as it was designed for an audience on the Corporate Stream; so as an old English saying goes "it was like teaching my grandmother how to suck eggs". In other words the presentation was an overview of forensic techniques and tools for finding and analysing malware [known or new] on an infected system.

This was presented on the Technical Stream to about 70 or more of the worlds best malware researchers, hence my use of the saying.

The presentation was actually based on my EICAR 2008 paper which I was unable to present at the EICAR conference, ironically due to the fact I was tied up in a malware forensics case.

Then it was time for Lunch, not only to refuel with food, but also to discuss and digest what we'd seen so far.

I received some nice feedback from a few of those that sat in, and no awkward questions. In fact one of the guys who were running the audio-visual side of the conference said he thoroughly enjoyed my presentation and found it most useful and enlightening.

After lunch, once more I decided to sit in on the Technical Stream until the tea/coffee break, at least. The next four presentations, all last minute ones limited to 20 minutes each, were:

  • VB testing - present status, future plans, John Hawes, Virus Bulletin
  • Race to zero with online scanners, Boris Lau, Sophos
  • There is (some) honour among South American authors of infostealer trojans!, Pedro Bueno, McAfee
  • Apple iPhone programming with SDK, Marius van Oers, McAfee
This year these short technical presentation worked rather well, although it was hard for some of the presenters to keep to the 20 minute slot limit, yes, you know who you are.

Then it was time for another caffeine break ;-)

After the tea/coffee break I moved to the Corporate Stream as I was chairing the last two presentations on that stream, these were:

  • The NorTel Mailer: effective open-source spam filtering for enterprises - Chris Lewis, Nortel
  • SCADA security - who is really in control of our control systems? - Peter Allor, IBM

Both of these were very interesting presentations and it was a shame that so few delegates had decided to sit in on them.

Before the day was over we also had our first panel session, this was:

  • The state of anti-malware testing

Later we had the "pre-dinner drinks and the Gala dinner and entertainment".

As always the food was excellent and the entertainment this year differed quite a bit, it was a quiz, which was fun but took longer than expected to complete. As one delegate was heard to say "we have travelled 3,500 miles for a pub quiz!". Personally, I enjoyed it, it just needed to be shorter.


Day 3 - Friday 3rd October 2008

The final day of the conference had arrived, I'm still not sure where the first two days had gone, but they sure went quickly!

As we started slightly later on the last day, to allow for those that had partied hard until the small-hours to get some sleep, and maybe quite a bit of black coffee, there was only a single presentation before the first coffee/tea break of the day. The one I decided to attend was on the Corporate Stream, again:

  • Understanding and teaching bots and botnets - Randy Abrams, ESET
This presentation covered a topic that I had presented on back at VB2005 in Dublin, but from a high-level perspective and more focussed on how to educate staff about these threats via using robot vacum cleaners known as Roombas.

As usual Randy was both informative and entertaining.

So, another quick tea and coffee break and then back to the Technical Stream until lunch, these were the next presentations I sat in on:

  • Automatic rules-based binary analysis with IDA Pro and CLIPS - Ryan Hicks, AVG
  • Rebuilding testing for the future - Igor Muttik
  • Samples.malware.org: sample sharing for the next decade? - Richard Ford, Florida Institute of Technology
All of these were very good and interesting talks and all generated lots of discussion and questions.

Then it was time for the final lunch of the conference, but before that, all the speakers had to get together for the traditional "Speakers Photo". As usual, much hilarity was had by all. However, I think I can honestly say that this years photo was the quickest ever as it took less than 5 minutes to organise all the speakers and take a number of photos.

After lunch I spent the first part of the afternoon on the Corporate Stream.These were the presentations I sat in on:

  • Where do your users want to go today and can you stop them? - Bruce Hughes, AVG
  • The name of the dose: does malware naming still matter? - Pierre-Marc Bureau and David Harley, ESET
Both of these were interesting and prompted a number of questions from the audience.

Then it was time for the final refreshments break. Yes, it was the very last VB2008 Tea and coffee break of the whole conference.

The final presentations of the day, and the conference, were straight after the break and I decided that I'd sit in on the last one on the Technical Stream again. This was:

  • Darwin inside the machines: malware evolution and the consequences for computer security - Peter Ször, Symantec
    Dimitris Iliopoulos, Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Science
This was a very interesting presentation, basically saying that malcode could in theory evolve following Darwinian principles. Not sure that we will see such malware any time soon, as there are a number of things that need to happen first.

Although all the conference papers presentations had finished there was a very interesting and lively panel discussion on:

  • Security in banking forum
Finally it was time for the Conference closing session, once more led by Helen Martin, the editor of Virus Bulletin.

It included the usual selection of scenic photos as well as general candid shots taken during the conference, including some 'comic' ones. This year it seemed to be another case of "I'm Sparticus", as a lot of people seemed to be wearing Ken Bechtel's hat, including me, and no it wasn't him in varying disguises either!

My final impressions of VB2008 are mixed; I enjoyed it, but I [and others who I chatted with] seem to think it may have lost its edge. Is this a case of becoming too commercialised or due to a lack of the usual swathe of quality research papers [which may be due to security companies cutting research budgets], or is it just a sign of the times as the marketplace has matured and that threats have now converged?

If you attended VB2008 and have an opinion, then please let me know your thoughts, thanks.

Copies of the slides used by the speakers during the presentations can be found here: http://www.virusbtn.com/conference/vb2008/slides

The full agenda for the conference can be found here: http://www.virusbtn.com/conference/vb2008/programme/index

Finally, if you are really curious and want something to put you to sleep, then you can also find a selection of scenic photos I took whilst in Ottawa, here: http://picasaweb.google.com/overtonm/OttawaCanada2008?authkey=SEeottY873o#

Well, that's another VB conference covered, I'm already looking forward to the possibility of attending next year, where it will be in Geneva, Switzerland at the end of September 2009. Right, now I need to find some ideas for a few abstracts to submit....any suggestions?

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Thursday, 25 September 2008

Virus Bulletin 2008 International Conference

Next week the Virus Bulletin International Conference is being held in Ottawa, Canada [1st to the 3rd of October]. This is the premier conference for people involved with fighting malware and related security threats. The programme can be found here.

This year I was going to be there just as a delegate; normally when I attend this conference I attend as a speaker, which means I have to write a paper and present it at the conference to an audience of 50-200 uber-geeks from various industries as well as the world's best malware researchers.  This can be pretty daunting! This will be my 11th Virus Bulletin Conference since my very first I attended and presented at back in 1996.

However, I've now been asked to be a reserve speaker, so I have to have a presentation ready, just in case I'm needed. The last time I was a reserve speaker it was for VB2002 which was held in New Orleans that year, and was nearly washed away by a hurricane! Needless to say, I ended up presenting my paper that year.

If any of you ready this are going to be there, then please feel free to stop me and have a chat, or just to say hello. I don't bite, honest ;-)

The presentation I am working on for the conference is to do with malware forensics, so it should be fun to do, as well as interesting for any audience I get; if I get to present it, that is.

As usual, I will write a short review of the conference, including what I personally found interesting, and may also post some mini-reviews and updates via Twitter.

If you can make it, then I hope to see you there; if not then stay tuned and I'll post a review as soon as I can.

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Wednesday, 24 September 2008

American Airlines Survey

I'd like to start this post with an apology as I have been rather slack in posting for quite a few weeks now. This has been due to a number of issues beyond my control including yet another change in my role. I still hope to post material here as often as I can, but it probably won't be as frequent as it has been. So, to try and start the ball rolling once more I have the following phishy tale for you to enjoy.

Here's a new one I've not seen before, the following e-mail arrived in my 'Phish' inbox late last night [screenshot below]:



That's nice if I answer five questions in a simple survey I will get $50.....I smell a phish, so what do we see when I click on the link?



So, let me see what happens when I fill out the details with bogus data. First let me enter some bogus data for the AAdvantage number and password, and then click on go. This is where I'm taken too next



As you can see, I'm now asked for my Bonus Code and the rest of the page is the alleged survey. So, I'll fill this in, again using bogus data. Interestingly the Bonus Code is the same in all the copies I've received, to multiple e-mail honeypot addresses too. So, now all the data has been entered, let me click on the continue button and see where we go next.



Aha.....Just as I suspected, this is a phish, as it not only asks for personal details, it also wants credit card data, including the CVV and an ATM PIN number too. So, let me enter in some more bogus data and click on the continue button again.

The final page shown informs me that my data has been entered correctly [yeah right!] and that I should see my bonus of $50 on my credit card within 72 hours. More like my credit card will be misused or sold on to others to misuse within 72 hours!

For those of you who like the detail behind the web-page, here is a screenshot of the first page, showing that the actual page is being rendered from two other sites. You may also notice that this phishing site is hosted on Yahoo servers.



Here is a screenshot showing part of the whois record for the phishy domain being used as a front for this scam.



So, it seems that I was right to be suspicious, in fact a quick look at the link in the original e-mail made it obvious to me that this was a phishing scam.

The interesting thing about this Phishing attempt is that this is the first time I've seen one targeting an airline, in fact I'd go as far as saying that this may be a 'Spear Phishing' attempt as it seems to have been sent to a small number of people and in far smaller numbers that the more traditional bank phish I see day in and day out..

So, if you are an American Airlines customer be on your guard as it seems that the phishers are now spending significant amounts of their time to finely target their potential victims and try and get you to disclose your details....

As a final note, the Netcraft toolbar plugin which works with Internet Explorer and Firefox now has the domains used for this phish in their database. So, install it and use it, it could save you from making an expensive mistake!

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Friday, 25 July 2008

FREE Anti-Virus Software...

I thought it is about time for me to cover this again due to the current world-wide credit crunch and fuel, power and food costs soaring. This means many people are looking for ways to cut costs; including costs for protecting their computers. FREE isn't a bad word, but the bad guys and girls have started to make it feel like it ought to be. The phrase Caveat Emptor [Let The Buyer Beware] seems to be more pertinent than ever.

What do I mean by "the bad guys and girls have started to make it feel that it ought to be"? Let me explain:

Look at these for examples of the rather naughty ways that the bad guys and girls are trying to get you to download and use their anti-virus:

First they try scare tactics:



Then they try a little more direct approach:



If you are foolish enough to go to the sites, then this is what you'd currently see:



Looks very professional, doesn't it? Hard to believe that this is a bad site! Want proof? OK, here it is:



That is the very same site [URL] but visited using Firefox 3.x instead.

But that isn't all, this site is also being promoted by a botnet called Asprox. This botnet searches for sites using SQL, and it then tries to run exploit code, which if successful, overwrites all URLs in the database with a single link. If this now 'bogus' link is clicked on a website using the SQL injected database for content, it starts a chain reaction, which often ultimately ends up either on the site shown above, or it may infect vulnerable systems using exploit code that was run as part of the chain reaction. This may include infecting your system and making it part of the Asprox botnet.

But there's more.....

Here's a screenshot of another e-mail I received recently:



The link, if foolishly clicked on, takes you here:



Does it look familiar?

Here's a screenshot of the source of the above page:



Notice how it uses the REFRESH function to popup a download of the executable they offer; no it isn't anti-virus software, it is actually malware!

So, who can you trust if you want FREE anti-virus software?

These are the FREE ones I'd personally recommend include:


Please be aware that there are a number of 'bogus' anti-spyware tools out there too and probably even 'bogus' personal firewalls.

You can find all the links mentioned above, and other useful tools, etc. here.

At the end of the day to help keep you system free of net nasties and their kin, you need to ensure that you have a personal firewall, up to date anti-virus installed, anti-spyware tool(s) installed, and last but not least practice 'Safe-Hex'.

Computer problems are bad enough most of the time which means the following anti-stress kit might be useful? However once you add malware to the more usual computer problems it becomes a must have piece of kit, well it stops the common hair-loss normally associated with stress! ;-)





Hopefully, this posting will help you retain your sanity, or at least reduce the cranial damage you may do to yourself using the above anti-stress kit.

Be careful out there, the web is a dangerous place without suitable protection...

If any of you out there in blog land have other security software that you recommend then please feel free to drop me a line or leave the details in a comment.Thanks!

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Thursday, 24 July 2008

Phishing for Feedback?

According to the e-mail I received this morning HSBC have a customer survey they would like me to take.

For starters here's a screenshot of the e-mail I received:



I'm always willing to give feedback to companies I use, but I am not an HSBC customer, so let us see where we go when the link is clicked?



Looks like a normal survey so far, apart from the dodgy website address [IP dotted]. So let me fake some data and click on the submit button, here goes:



Ah, now I smell something very phishy indeed [even if I didn't before ;-)]. They want some account details; Ker-ching!

Oh, yes and there is no prize money, so don't expect to win, just like the fake lottery notifications that you get, it is just a scam.

Each phishing e-mail I receive is checked; all links are tested against the Netcraft toolbar, and any new ones, that the Netcraft toolbar doesn't yet know about are submitted for inclusion in their database. Nothing too unusual there. However, once in a while I spot something that makes a new phish stand out from the crowd, such as this one.

At the time I tested these links to the bogus [phishy] HSBC survey site it was not detected by the Netcraft toolbar, or even the Firefox anti-phishing functions which are now built into the browser. As I finish up writing this post Netcraft should now have it in their database as I sent them the details.

Just be careful when acting on requests for participating in surveys for companies you use, as they may be phishy and you may get more than you bargained for. In those phishy cases it is likely that your personal data will be stolen and used to make fraudulent transactions on your account.

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Thursday, 3 July 2008

The Tax Man Giveth....

If you are anything like me you probably can't remember the last time the 'Tax Man' [those from HM Revenue and Customs] told you that you had paid too much tax and that he [or she] would like to return some money to you....Yeah right, like that is going to happen! I think I can honestly say that I have NEVER had any form of refund from them, ever, and I've been working for almost 30 years.

So, when I received the following e-mail [screenshot below] I was already rather sceptical:



The email looks quite believable, doesn't it? Even the link looks real.

If you are foolish/brave enough to click on the link, this is what you will see in your web browser:



Again, very believable, especially if you have no anti-phishing solutions in place.

If you are foolish/brave enough to fill in the requested data and then click on the link, this is what you will see in your web browser next:



Finally, if you are foolish/brave enough to fill in the requested financial data and then click on the link, this is what you will see in your web browser:



Yes, if you clicked on the final page you will be taken from the 'phishy' HMR&C site to the 'real' HMR&C site, none the wiser that you have been 'phished'. The final image [above] is the real HMR&C site.

Usual fare for the Phishers, they want your personal details so that they can steal money from your account or use the details to open new accounts or credit arrangements in your name, so when they default on the loan, you'll be the one being hassled or taken to court for non-payment.

Meanwhile your credit rating will nose-dive, and it will take you weeks, months or even years to recover from the effects. All because you were 'phooled by a phish'.

So, if you get an e-mail stating that you have a tax refund.....be warned as you may end up even more out of pocket than you would if you were dealing with the real HMR&C, at least they are up-front about it! So, to finish the second half of the line used for the title of this posting "The Tax Man Giveth [NOT] and the Phishers Fake it to Take it all!"

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Friday, 27 June 2008

I'll Have a 419 With a Side Order of Malware, Please....

No this isn't about an order being placed at my local Chinese restaurant or takeaway; their menu item number don't go up that far, believe me I have checked ;-).

So for starters, let me show you a screenshot of an e-mail I received this morning:



Looks like a pretty typical 419 scam e-mail doesn't it? A little more terse than usual, I'll grant you, but still a 419 scam, hang on it has an attachment, most unusual! Here's a screenshot showing the attached file:



An executable file, very suspicious and most unusual for it to be attached to a 419 scam. I wonder what the Bad Guys and Girls from Lagos are up to now? I think a bit of testing and investigation is in order, don't you?

Some details on the executable file first:

FileName: 108 3386 8257.exe
FileDateTime: 26/06/2008 11:38:39
Filesize: 303842
MD5: 3e5480b34a38d2dc5e1f45f561c7d5f2
CRC32: F7A3CF76
File Type: PE Executable

Which is a WinRAR SFX [executable archive] and this contains the following files:

108 3386 8257.txt
gbt.exe
gbthk.dll
inst.dat
kw.dat
pk.bin
rinst.exe


So, let me extract the files, no not by running the RAR SFX file, as that would infect my system with the malware contained inside it.

Of these only one is a true executable file, this is:
FileName: rinst.exe
FileDateTime: 24/06/2007 21:08:18
Filesize: 19456
MD5: f3d0beef15eb987dbcec8e803bf6c89d
CRC32: 94F8865E
File Type: PE Executable

This file "rinst.exe" is packed using Armadillo and the executable itself appears to be written using Microsoft Visual C++.

This is the main installation file, and if you are foolish enough to run the attachment, all the enclosed files are dropped to "C:\WINDOWS\TEMP\RarSFX0" and then it proceeds to run "rinst.exe" to perform the install of the malcode; in this case it also tries to identify and kill any recognised anti-malware tools. Once installed it attempts to load the "108 3386 8257.txt" file which contains the following text:

MTCN CONTROL NUMBER 108 3386 8257
AMOUNT : $3,450USD
RECIEVER : JONATHAN NWEKE,LAGOS NIGERIA

The rest of the files appear to be obfuscated files that are part of the installation of a keylogger, so not only is this malware attempting to kill any security defences you have in place, it is also trying to record what you type, etc. Nasty!

So next time you receive a 419, have a closer look and see if the Bad Guys and Girls from Lagos have included an attachment to get you to infect your computer and steal your personal data. It seems that they have finally learned that this is now a multi-billion dollar business, and if they fail to adapt then they will either get left behind or other professional cyber-criminals will take their traditional business away from them.

If you want to know more about 419 scams and their genesis, then you can find more here.

Right, back to my analysis of this to find out what else it does...

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Monday, 23 June 2008

Would You Rather Be A Mule [REDUX]?

How many of you out there have seen job offers [both part-time and full-time positions] that look like the following screenshots:








Tempted to apply, or do they seem too-good-to-be-true?

Well, they are too-good-to-be -true, all the screenshots of the e-mails are nothing more than an attempt to recruit staff to act as money launderers, also known as mules.

I've written about mules before on this blog, but I though it was time to revisit the area as the bad guys and girls have been very active in trying to recruit new mules just recently.

So, a quick recap

"We are not talking about four legged creatures that are half horse and half donkey….think more of drug couriers who are more usually referred to as Mules!

Now, in most cases Mules are those that either carry things for others [hence the use of the term] or act as laundering points, such as in organized crime syndicates, they do the dirty work of moving material from A to B and usually have little or no idea hat what they are doing is illegal. They may even be acting as a Mule under duress, such as blackmail, etc.
"

Next time you see a job advert on the web, in the local paper or receive a job offer via e-mail, stop and think is this really legit, or am I about to be turned into a mule, or as the song goes:

"Would you like to swing on a star
carry moonbeams home in a jar
and be better off than you are
or would you rather be a mule

A mule is an animal with long funny ears
he kicks up at anything he hears
His back is brawny but his brain is weak
he's just plain stupid with a stubborn streak
and by the way if you hate to go to school
You may grow up to be a mule...
"

The full lyrics can be found here.

By all means swing on a star, but not if it means you grow up to be a mule...to fund the lifestyle, and end up broken, saddled with a criminal record, and end up corralled in jail with numerous other mules, while those that run the scams get away with turning the endless train of desperate people [including students] into yet more mules.

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Monday, 16 June 2008

Every Little Helps...

Is the catchphrase for Tesco [a very well known UK supermarket] who sent me an e-mail today informing me that I "have added an additional email address to my account", see below for the full e-mail:



The email address it was sent by was "customer@tesco.com" which is also the return address in the raw e-mail headers too. So, let's see where we end up when we click on one of the four links in the e-mail itself, shall we?

Here's a screenshot of the website that we end up on [using Opera 9.50].....Hmmmm...Tesco.com [according to the tab text]. Looks like the real thing, but is it?



How many of you spotted the red warning in the browsers address bar? It reads [!Fraud site]*. Bit of a giveaway, and also when I clicked on the link in the e-mail it actually goes to a dotted IP address, before being redirected [probably some form of click fraud] to the bogus Tesco.com site shown in the screenshot above. Yes, it is a Phishing site, not the real Tesco.com at all!

So, what is the site and what is it trying to achieve?

Well, this appears to be a Phishing scam, but instead of being targeted at a bank or other financial organisation, or Paypal, eBay, eGold, etc. it is targeting customers of a supermarket instead. This is the first time I've seen a supermarket being the target of a Phishing scam run, most unusual!

Not sure why the bad guys and girls are targeting Tesco customers, unless the stolen customer login details are just a way for them to gain access to any stored credit/debit card details on the Tesco.com account? Maybe they are just hungry ;-)

So, is this a new trend, can we expect similar Phishing scams for Sainsbury's, Waiterose, Marks and Spencer's and Morrisons? Unfortunately, I expect so, so please be very careful and if you have the option on any such service do NOT store your credit/debit card details, it may make shopping faster, but it also makes identity theft easier too.....as Tesco states "Every Little Helps", just don't let it be true for the bad guys and girls allowing them to gain access to your personal information and credit/debit card details.

* This is a new feature in the latest version of Opera.

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Tuesday, 27 May 2008

The FBI Have Contacted Me!

I received the following e-mail [screenshot below] this morning which says it has come from the FBI, not only that, it states that it was sent by FBI Director Robert S.Mueller the Third of the Anti-terrorist and Monetary Crimes Division and if I don't respond and/or supply the requested information that I'll be charged!





It goes on to say that I have $10,500,000.00 being wired to me via a Secured Diplomatic Transit Account [S.D.T.A] and I need to prove that I have the required paperwork, including a Diplomatic Immunity Seal of Transfer [DIST] and an FBI Identification Record (aka a Rap Sheet or Criminal History Record) to prove I am who I claim to be and that I'm not a terrorist or drugs dealer. If I can supply these proofs, then the money is all mine!

OK, how many of you out there reading this would go along with this? Hands up, so I can count ;-)

Now, how many of the rest of you smell something fishy? Well, it isn't a Phish at all, it is just another new version of the so-called 419 scam.

The twist here, is that the Boys and Girls from Lagos [or almost anywhere else in the World now] are using fear as a new social engineering tactic to get you to part with personal data which they will then either mis-use or sell to others.

If you somehow, miraculously come up with the requested proofs, then guess what, you won't get any money at all, because there is no money in the first place, and the e-mail isn't from the FBI [or anyone in law-enforcement], surprise! ;-)

Whatever you do don't fall for this scam [or any of it's relations], it relies on what the Lagos boys call Wad [rich, greedy people]. They also use a less polite name for the people they dupe; Mgbada*.

To the Boys and Girls from Lagos [the 419ers that run these scams], it is a business, some say it should be considered an African cottage industry, however they want to try and justify it, it is still a crime, no more, no less.

Other unusual examples of 419s I've covered include

Lots of other examples have also been covered oer the years on this blog, and I have written several articles for Virus Bulletin on 419s, which can be found here.

* If anyone can tell me what this means in English, then please e-mail me, thanks.

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Thursday, 28 February 2008

Out of Office Notifications Are...

An accident waiting to happen!

In fact a number of these accidents have already happened. But I'm getting ahead of myself. So, why do I think that they are inherently bad?

Personally, I hate out of office notifications, not because it means that I can't get a reply from the person I sent an e-mail too in the first place, but because they can be misused by not just the person who is 'Out of the Office' but also by the 'Bad Guys and Girls'. Let me explain in more detail, what I mean...

1. Too Much Information
Often when people enable 'Out of Office' they offer too much information; such as when they are going and coming back, and where they are going to. They also often include a second person's details to contact in their absence; including their full e-mail address. This is then often enabled for all incoming e-mail to their e-mail address, which means that not only internal [company/organisation] colleagues are informed, but also, in many cases anyone on the internet that sends them e-mail. The next two points explain in more details why this is a 'bad' thing.

2. Confirmation that your e-mail address exists
As mentioned above, if you enable your 'Out of Office' notification to send an automatic response to all e-mail that is received, you are assisting spammers, scammers and malware authors by confirming that the e-mail address is in use [that makes it worth more]. If you also include another persons details to contact while you are away, then the 'Bad Guys and Girls' can also harvest that to either sell on for profit to others, misuse it themselves, or often both. The end result is more spam, scams and malware arriving in yours and anyone else's inbox that you kindly supplied in your 'Out of Office' notification, I'm sure that they will be quick to thank you for all the extra 'crud' they are now receiving ;-)

3. Physical and Cyber attacks while you are 'away'.
If you are unwise enough to indicate you are on holiday or just out of the country where you normally reside, then the 'Bad Guys and Girls' can do a number of things whilst you are not at home. If they have enough data on you, then you could come back to find your house burgled, full of squatters, vandalised or even worse.

If they don't have access to that level of information then can hack into your personal webspace, social networking and other web sites you may use. They could also perform a 'Joe Job' or a 'DDoS' to discredit you or damage your business or reputation. While you are away they may use your stolen identity to take out loans, credit cards and even mortgages in your name. If they already have some of your financial data, such as bank account or credit card data, you could suddenly find your bank account empty or unathorised charges [and ATM withdrawals] on your debit or credit cards.

In all these cases listed above, this is only likely to happen if you have come to their attention; such as being a thorn in their side, or making life difficult for them, or someone else is willing to pay for the information and/or attacks to take place.

If you don't believe that these things happen, then I can assure you that many of the cyber attacks happen to many of us who work in computer security, especially those that are widely published or who work for anti-malware companies or in law-enforcement.


Figure 1: Too Much Information is an Invitation for Trouble!

4. Bounced Spam
This is the latest way that 'Out of Office' notifications can be mis-used and it affects all of us who are already on spammers/scammers and malware authors lists (or soon will be).

Here is the scenario:
The Bad Guys or Girls sign up for a free webmail account, at say, Google, Yahoo, Live, etc. and then enable the 'Out of Office' feature. They then place the spam message they want to distribute in the 'Out of Office' e-mail body.

Next, the spammer sends this new webmail account with the enabled 'Out of Office' feature, lots of e-mails using spoofed 'From:' addresses so that the 'Out of Office' reply will be sent to the intended victim [the spoofed From: address].

Why do this? Well, e-mail sent from this booby-trapped spamming webmail account will contain anti-spam header information, such as DKIM, DomainKey, Sender ID or any of the other similar systems, which means that the mail server that deals with the intended victims email will be more likely to let the spam through as it has come from a trusted source.

This is now easier for the spammers to do, as the CAPTCHA systems used by Yahoo and Googlemail have been cracked; so that they can now automate the creation of these 'trusted' 'Out of Office' spam relays.


Figure 2: Out of Office Spam Setup

So, next time you go to enable your 'Out of Office' feature, think carefully about what information you provide, and if you can do not enable the respond to internet address option, as you may live to regret it!

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Thursday, 21 February 2008

A Right Royal Grant?

Wow, according to the e-mail I received today I have been awarded a grant of half-a-million pounds [£500,000.00], not just from any old society or company, but from one calling itself 'Queen Elizabeth's Foundation'!

I'm honoured, that I have personally come to the attention of our countries ruling monarch, and what's more she feels that I deserve half-a-million in cash with her head on it all...

Here's a screenshot of the e-mail, so that you can see it for yourself, and bask in my glory:



OK, yes I'm not really being serious, or getting too big for my boots, or thinking that I'm now above you all ;-) I know it is a scam and I'm just playing along.

So, let me start by checking out if the domain that the email claims to be sent from actually has a website:



Nope, no website, most odd! OK, so let me know check to see who the domain is registered with and to whom:



If I didn't already know that this was a 419 scam, then I would by now, so let me dig deeper. Next, let me check out the phone numbers, they look real and they are, but they are not registered to any charity or person, they are so-called 'personal' numbers being offered for FREE by the following company:



So, what do we know so far? There is no such society or organisation, the telephone numbers given are real but suspect, they have no website and the domain isn't even registered [so how could they send e-mail from it?], and finally they want me to reply to a different e-mail address, and they can't make their mind up as to who I should be replying to, is it:
Rooney James or Williams Anderson?

To get to the bottom of the mystery of where the e-mail was sent from, I took a quick peek at the raw headers, and what did I find? I found that the e-mail was actually sent via the webmail service of the company shown in the final screenshot, below:



Yes, they sent the e-mail using a webmail service based in Hawaii, for the United Kingdom monarch who's name is used for an organisation that doesn't exist, doesn't have a website or own a domain at all, and they want me to reply to an email account hosted on Microsoft Live, just so that they can send me half-a-million quid!

So, do you smell a rat now, or would you send them the data they ask for?

Just to be crystal clear about this: There is no money, as usual, this is a scam which has been around in one format or another for many years, all that happens if you get caught up with these scammers is that you will lose money, not gain any.

Just because they use the name of the Queen of the United Kingdom, and names of well known real organisations such as UNICEF, doesn't mean that this is real [even if the money actually existed, which it doesn't]. This is just another twist in 'The Game' that is collectively known as 419 or Advance-Fee-Fraud.

Sorry, Your Majesty, but I'm going to have to turn down your kind offer...

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Monday, 21 January 2008

December 2007 Malware Review

December was another busy month for me as I was writing abstracts for conferences, doing presentations and trying to take some of my holiday entitlement as well as dealing with my usual workload. This meant that I didn't have quite as much time to blog and do trend and sample analysis as I usually do.

As usual on the malware related security threats front it has been an interesting month with yet more malware using social-engineering to get the victim to infect their computer without the need for the malware author to have to code routines to automate infection. We've also seen lots of activity from scammers and cyber-criminals once more during the month.

Like previous months, I will cover some statistics from my own sensors and compare those against those from a couple of major anti-virus companies, and finally I will cover new and interesting things that occurred during the month.

I have created some graphs and performed some trend analysis from the raw data from my WormCharmer and Bayesian filter. I have included four sources of information for the graphs and pie-charts, these are:


The last two are my own projects and all data is from the Internet, these systems are running on an aDSL link and are personal research projects that have been running for some time; WormCharmer 5 years, Malware Bayesian Filter 4 years.

In total I captured 573 samples during December, which have been catalogued as just 27 distinct families and variants. In comparison during November I captured 476 samples which were also catalogued as 27 distinct families/variants. As you can see the captures in December are up once more, but this time of year is usually quite busy.

As shown, once more, by December's statistics the general trend is still downwards. It still appears that social-engineering has been the technique of choice and that 2007 should be now known as the year of the social engineer.

The first pie chart below shows the Top 10 distinct malware by percentage. Let The first pie chart below shows the Top 10 distinct malware by percentage. Let us look at this in more detail:

During December I reported 65 new Phishing sites which are now included in the Netcraft phishing site database used by the Netcraft anti-phishing toolbar which I blogged about some time ago.

The first pie chart below shows the Top 10 distinct malware by percentage. Let us look at this in more detail:



W32/Tenga.3666 [Frisk] has continued to hold on to the pole position it took back in April. It now accounts for over 80 percent of the samples captured in December, just short of the high points of 82 percent it had in August.

As in the top tens for September, October, and November there are still eight members of the Opaserv.worm family in December's chart. These are variants: AE, D, AJ, K, AC, AD, AI and I in second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and tenth places respectively.

The final slot left is occupied by a re-entry, this being our old friend Dupator who returns to the top ten in ninth place.

If you compare the above to the data from Kaspersky and also the data from SOPHOS you may see some marked differences. Why? Well, simply my sample capture systems collect data from multiple 'vectors' and combine the data, so I tend to get a more rounded picture of what is really running round the Internet in the way of net nasties.

Netsky.q [aka P] is back into the top 10, straight back in at pole position, what a comeback! It is joined by another member of the family, AA which is also a re-entry back in at eighth place.

November's pole sitter, Scano.gen has had to settle for fifth place in December's chart after falling down the chart.

In the runner-up spot, we have a new entry, this being Diehard.dc, which is not the only member of this new family, as it is joined by Diehard.db and Diehard.dd which are also new entries, straight in to the chart in fourth and seventh place respectively.

Trojan-Spy.HTML.Fraud.ay has slipped further down the chart from fourth to ninth.

This month's chart is packed with new entries, the next one is Warezov.xd, straight in to the chart and stealing the final podium place; third.

And to complete the top ten, we have two more re-entries, these being, Bagle.gt and Nyxem.e [aka MyWife.D] in to the top ten in sixth and tenth places respectively.
Kaspersky had this to say about December's chart:
"At the end of the year, the mail traffic situation suddenly changed. In place of the traditional and somewhat dull domination of the rankings by old email worms, in December we encountered the explosive propagation of a new generation of programs. A new generation which are not worms.

It's true that first place this month is taken by the veteran NetSky.q worm. It returned with a leap and a bound from beyond the bottom of the rankings, having not figured in our November Top Twenty at all. It made up 20% of mail traffic - that's almost an epidemic, and it's unclear how a worm which has been in existence for almost 4 years, and which is known to all antivirus companies, has continued to survive and spread to the present day."



Please note: SOPHOS are now effectively only using family names for their top ten malware and because of this I will now use the same method for analysing their data.

IIn the SOPHOS chart we see a different pattern; Netksy has once more regained the runner-up position it last held in October's chart. Last months pole-sitter Troj/Pushdo has further managed to consolidate its hold on pole position.

Mytob has reversed its slide down the chart, once more climbing back up from sixth to third place. W32/Zafi has continued it progress sliding further down the chart from fifth to sixth place.

Mydoom which was a re-entry in October's chart has climbed up one place from eighth to seventh place.

There are two re-entries in December's chart, these are, Troj/Dloadr, back in to the chart in eighth place, and W32/Sality back in to the chart in tenth place.

W32/Bagle i